@conference{daher2020workshop,

title = {Workshop on Collaborations with Domain Experts for Virtual Agent Research (CoVAR)},

author = {Salam Daher and Laura Gonzalez and Gregory Welch and Jacob Stuart},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-01},

urldate = {2020-10-01},

booktitle = {ACM Intelligent Virtual Agent},

address = {Glasgow, UK (Virtual)},

keywords = {Gregory F Welch, Jacob Stuart, Laura Gonzalez, Salam Daher},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{richards2019analysis,

title = {Analysis of Peripheral Vision and Vibrotactile Feedback During Proximal Search Tasks with Dynamic Virtual Entities in Augmented Reality},

author = {Kendra Richards and Nikhil Mahalanobis and Kangsoo Kim and Ryan Schubert and Myungho Lee and Salam Daher and Nahal Norouzi and Jason Hochreiter and Gerd Bruder and Gregory Welch},

url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3357251.3357585},

doi = {10.1145/3357251.3357585},

isbn = {978-1-4503-6975-6/19/10},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-19},

urldate = {2019-10-19},

booktitle = {ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction (SUI)},

number = {3},

pages = {1-9},

abstract = {A primary goal of augmented reality (AR) is to seamlessly embed virtual content into a real environment. There are many factors that can affect the perceived physicality and co-presence of virtual entities, including the hardware capabilities, the fidelity of the virtual behaviors, and sensory feedback associated with the interactions. In this paper, we present a study investigating participants’ perceptions and behaviors during a time-limited search task in close proximity with virtual entities in AR. In particular, we analyze the effects of (i) visual conflicts in the periphery of an optical see-through head-mounted display, a Microsoft HoloLens, (ii) overall lighting in the physical environment, and (iii) multimodal feedback based on vibrotactile transducers mounted on a physical platform. Our results show significant benefits of vibrotactile feedback and reduced peripheral lighting for spatial and social presence, and engagement. We discuss implications of these effects for AR applications.},

keywords = {2019, Augmented Reality, Field of View, Gerd Bruder, Gregory F Welch, Jason Hochreiter, Kangsoo Kin, Kendra Richards, Multimodal Feedback, Myungho Lee, Nahal Norouzi, Nikhil Mahalanobis, Ryan Schubert, Salam Daher, Search Task},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{gonzalez2019vera,

title = {Vera Real: Stroke assessment using a Physical Virtual Patient (PVP)},

author = {Laura Gonzalez and Salam Daher and Gregory Welch},

url = {PDF available upon request.},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-06-01},

booktitle = {INACSL},

address = {Phoenix, AZ},

keywords = {2019, Gregory F Welch, Laura Gonzalez, Salam Daher},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{daher2019matching,

title = {Matching vs. Non-Matching Visuals and Shape for Embodied Virtual Healthcare Agents},

author = {Salam Daher and Jason Hochreiter and Ryan Schubert and Gerd Bruder and Laura Gonzalez and Juan Cendan and Mindi Anderson and Desiree Diaz and Gregory Welch},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8797814},

doi = {10.1109/VR.2019.8797814},

isbn = { 978-1-7281-1377-7},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-03-23},

urldate = {2019-03-23},

booktitle = {IEEE Virtual Reality},

pages = {886-887},

address = {Osaka, Japan},

abstract = {Embodied virtual agents serving as patient simulators are widely used in medical training scenarios, ranging from physical patients to virtual patients presented via virtual and augmented reality technologies. Physical-virtual patients are a hybrid solution that combines the benefits of dynamic visuals integrated into a human-shaped physical form that can also present other cues, such as pulse, breathing sounds, and temperature. Sometimes in simulation the visuals and shape do not match. We carried out a human-participant study employing graduate nursing students in pediatric patient simulations comprising conditions associated with matching/non-matching of the visuals and shape.},

keywords = {2019, Desiree Diaz, Gerd Bruder, Gregory F Welch, Jason Hochreiter, Juan Cendan, Laura Gonzalez, Mindi Anderson, pvp, Ryan Schubert, Salam Daher},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{norouzi2018systematic,

title = {A Systematic Survey of 15 Years of User Studies Published in the Intelligent Virtual Agents Conference},

author = {Nahal Norouzi and Kangsoo Kim and Jason Hochreiter and Myungho Lee and Salam Daher and Gerd Bruder and Gregory Welch},

url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3267851.3267901},

doi = {10.1145/3267851.3267901},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-05},

urldate = {2018-11-05},

booktitle = {ACM Intelligent Virtual Agents},

pages = {17–22},

abstract = {The field of intelligent virtual agents (IVAs) has evolved immensely over the past 15 years, introducing new application opportunities in areas such as training, health care, and virtual assistants. In this survey paper, we provide a systematic review of the most influential user studies published in the IVA conference from 2001 to 2015 focusing on IVA development, human perception, and interactions. A total of 247 papers with 276 user studies have been classified and reviewed based on their contributions and impact. We identify the different areas of research and provide a summary of the papers with the highest impact. With the trends of past user studies and the current state of technology, we provide insights into future trends and research challenges.},

keywords = {Applications, Behavior, Gerd Bruder, Gregory F Welch, Identities, Intelligent Virtual Agent, Jason Hochreiter, Kangsoo Kin, Myungho Lee, Nahal Norouzi, Physical Appearance, Salam Daher, Systematic Survey, User Studies},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{daher2018physical,

title = {Touch-Aware Intelligent Physical-Virtual Agents for Healthcare Simulation},

author = {Salam Daher and Laura Gonzalez and Jason Hochreiter and Nahal Norouzi and Gerd Bruder and Gregory Welch},

url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3267851.3267876},

doi = {10.1145/3267851.3267876},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-05},

urldate = {2018-11-05},

booktitle = {ACM Intelligent Virtual Agents},

pages = {99-106},

address = {Sydney, Australia},

abstract = {Conventional Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) focus primarily on the visual and auditory channels for both the agent and the interacting human: the agent displays a visual appearance and speech as output, while processing the human's verbal and non-verbal behavior as input. However, some interactions, particularly those between a patient and healthcare provider, inherently include tactile components. We introduce an Intelligent Physical-Virtual Agent (IPVA) head that occupies an appropriate physical volume; can be touched; and via human-in-the-loop control can change appearance, listen, speak, and react physiologically in response to human behavior. Compared to a traditional IVA, it provides a physical affordance, allowing for more realistic and compelling human-agent interactions. In a user study focusing on the neurological assessment of a simulated patient showing stroke symptoms, we compared the IPVA head with a high-fidelity touch-aware mannequin that has a static appearance. Various measures of the human subjects indicated greater attention, affinity for, and presence with the IPVA patient, all factors that can improve healthcare training.},

keywords = {2018, Gerd Bruder, Gregory F Welch, Jason Hochreiter, Laura Gonzalez, Nahal Norouzi, neurological assessment, patient simulator, physical-virtual agents, pvp, Salam Daher},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{hochreiter2018cognitive,

title = {Cognitive and Touch Performance Effects of Mismatched 3D Physical and Visual Perceptions},

author = {Jason Hochreiter and Salam Daher and Gerd Bruder and Gregory Welch},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8446574},

doi = {10.1109/VR.2018.8446574},

isbn = {978-1-5386-3365-6},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-03-18},

urldate = {2018-03-18},

booktitle = {IEEE Virtual Reality},

pages = {1-386},

address = {Germany},

abstract = {While research in the field of augmented reality (AR) has produced many innovative human-computer interaction techniques, some may produce physical and visual perceptions with unforeseen negative impacts on user performance. In a controlled human-subject study we investigated the effects of mismatched physical and visual perception on cognitive load and performance in an AR touching task by varying the physical fidelity (matching vs. non-matching physical shape) and visual mechanism (projector-based vs. HMD-based AR) of the representation. Participants touched visual targets on four corresponding physical-visual representations of a human head. We evaluated their performance in terms of touch accuracy, response time, and a cognitive load task requiring target size estimations during a concurrent (secondary) counting task. After each condition, participants completed questionnaires concerning mental, physical, and temporal demands; stress; frustration; and usability. Results indicated higher performance, lower cognitive load, and increased usability when participants touched a matching physical head-shaped surface and when visuals were provided by a projector from underneath.},

keywords = {2018, Gerd Bruder, Gregory F Welch, Jason Hochreiter, pvp, Salam Daher},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{daher2017can,

title = {Can Social Presence be Contagious? Effects of Social Presence Priming on Interaction with Virtual Humans.},

author = {Salam Daher and Kangsoo Kim and Myungho Lee and Gerd Bruder and Ryan Schubert and Jeremy Bailenson and Gregory Welch},

url = {PDF available upon request.},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-03-01},

urldate = {2017-03-01},

booktitle = {IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces},

address = {Los Angeles – CA},

keywords = {2017, Gerd Bruder, Gregory F Welch, Jeremy Bailenson, Kangsoo Kin, Myungho Lee, Ryan Schubert, Salam Daher},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{gonzalez2016bsn,

title = {BSN Assessment of Discrete Neurology Symptoms Using an Interactive Physical Virtual Head},

author = {Laura Gonzalez and Gregory Welch and Salam Daher},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-06-01},

urldate = {2016-06-01},

booktitle = {INACSL},

address = {Grapevine, TX},

keywords = {2016, Gregory F Welch, Laura Gonzalez, Salam Daher},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{daher2016humanikins,

title = {Humanikins: Humanity Transfer to Physical Manikins},

author = {Salam Daher and Gregory Welch},

url = {PDF available upon request.},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-04-01},

urldate = {2016-04-01},

booktitle = {NextMed /Medicine Meets Virtual Reality},

address = {Los Angeles, CA},

keywords = {2016, Gregory F Welch, Salam Daher},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{lee2016wobbly,

title = {The Wobbly Table: The Effects of Mediated Touch on Real-Virtual Human Interaction},

author = {Myungho Lee and Kangsoo Kim and Salam Daher and Andrew Raij and Jeremy Bailenson and Gregory Welch},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-03-01},

urldate = {2016-03-01},

booktitle = {IEEE VR 2016},

address = {Greenville, SC},

keywords = {2016, Andrew Raij, Gregory F Welch, Jeremy Bailenson, Kangsoo Kin, Myungho Lee, Salam Daher},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{daher2016exploring,

title = {Exploring Social Presence Transfer in Real-Virtual Human Interaction},

author = {Salam Daher and Kangsoo Kim and Myungho Lee and Andrew Raij and Ryan Schubert and Jeremy Bailenson and Gregory Welch},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-03-01},

urldate = {2016-03-01},

booktitle = {IEEE Virtual Reality},

address = {Greenville, SC},

keywords = {2016, Andrew Raij, Gregory F Welch, Jeremy Bailenson, Kangsoo Kin, Myungho Lee, Ryan Schubert, Salam Daher},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{daher2016preliminary,

title = {Preliminary Assessment of Neurologic Symptomatology Using an Interactive Physical-Virtual Head with Touch.},

author = {Salam Daher and Laura Gonzalez and Gregory Welch},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

booktitle = {International Meeting for Simulation in Healthcare},

address = {San Diego, CA},

keywords = {2016, Gregory F Welch, Laura Gonzalez, Salam Daher},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{hochreiter2015touch,

title = {Touch sensing on non-parametric rear-projection surfaces: A physical-virtual head for hands-on healthcare training.},

author = {Jason Hochreiter and Salam Daher and Arjun Nagendran and Laura Gonzalez and Gregory Welch},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-03-01},

urldate = {2015-03-01},

booktitle = {IEEE Virtual Reality 2015},

address = {Arles, France},

keywords = {2015, Arjun Nagendran, Gregory F Welch, Jason Hochreiter, Laura Gonzalez, Salam Daher},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}