@article{wang2023scopingreview,
title = {A scoping review of the use of lab streaming layer framework in virtual and augmented reality research},
author = {Qile Wang and Qinqi Zhang and Weitong Sun and Chadwick Boulay and Kangsoo Kim and Roghayeh Leila Barmaki},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-023-00799-8},
year  = {2023},
date = {2023-05-02},
urldate = {2023-05-02},
journal = {Virtual Reality},
abstract = {The use of multimodal data allows excellent opportunities for human–computer interaction research and novel techniques regarding virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) experiences. Collecting, coordinating, and synchronizing a large amount of data from multiple VR/AR hardware while maintaining a high framerate can be a daunting task, despite the compelling nature of multimodal data. The Lab Streaming Layer (LSL) is an open-source framework that enables the synchronous collection of various types of multimodal data, unlike existing expensive alternatives. However, despite its potential, this framework has not been fully adopted by the VR/AR research community. In this paper, we present a guideline of the LSL framework’s use in VR/AR research as well as report current trends by performing a comprehensive literature review on the subject. We extract 549 publications using LSL from January 2015 to March 2022. We analyze types of data, displays, and targeted application areas. We describe in-depth reviews of 38 selected papers and provide use of LSL in the VR/AR research community while highlighting benefits, challenges, and future opportunities.},
keywords = {2023, geriatric, patient, simulation, vgp, Virtual Human},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@article{musa2023technology,
title = {Technology Acceptance and Authenticity in Interactive Simulation: Experimental Study},
author = {Dahlia Musa and Laura Gonzalez and Heidi Penny and Salam Daher},
url = {https://mededu.jmir.org/2023/1/e40040/},
doi = {doi:10.2196/40040},
year  = {2023},
date = {2023-02-15},
urldate = {2023-02-15},
journal = {Journal of Medical Education},
volume = {9},
pages = {e40040},
abstract = {Background: 
Remote and virtual simulations have gained prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic as institutions maintain social distancing measures. Because of the challenges of cost, flexibility, and feasibility in traditional mannequin simulation, many health care educators have used videos as a remote simulation modality; however, videos provide minimal interactivity. 

Objective: 
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of interactivity in students’ simulation experiences. We analyzed students’ perceptions of technology acceptance and authenticity in interactive and noninteractive simulations.

Methods: 
Undergraduate nursing students participated in interactive and noninteractive simulations. The interactive simulation was conducted using interactive video simulation software that we developed, and the noninteractive simulation consisted of passively playing a video of the simulation. After each simulation, the students completed a 10-item technology acceptance questionnaire and 6-item authenticity questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In addition, we performed an exploratory analysis to compare technology acceptance and authenticity in interactive local and remote simulations using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results:
Data from 29 students were included in this study. Statistically significant differences were found between interactive and noninteractive simulations for overall technology acceptance (P<.001) and authenticity (P<.001). Analysis of the individual questionnaire items showed statistical significance for 3 out of the 10 technology acceptance items (P=.002, P=.002, and P=.004) and 5 out of the 6 authenticity items (P<.001, P<.001, P=.001, P=.003, and P=.005). The interactive simulation scored higher than the noninteractive simulation in all the statistically significant comparisons. Our exploratory analysis revealed that local simulation may promote greater perceptions of technology acceptance (P=.007) and authenticity (P=.027) than remote simulation. Conclusions: Students’ perceptions of technology acceptance and authenticity were greater in interactive simulation than in noninteractive simulation. These results support the importance of interactivity in students’ simulation experiences, especially in remote or virtual simulations in which students’ involvement may be less active.},
keywords = {2023, active learning, authenticity, Dahila Musa, health care simulation, Heidi Penny, hello, Interactivity, Laura Gonzalez, nursing education, passive learning, remote learning, rivs, Salam Daher, technology acceptance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@article{musa2022reliability,
title = {Reliability of wound measurement methods},
author = {Dahlia Musa and Frank Guido-Sanz and Mindi Anderson and Salam Daher},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9942711},
doi = {10.1109/OJIM.2022.3219471},
issn = { 2768-7236},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-11-08},
urldate = {2022-11-08},
journal = {IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation & Measurement. vol. 1, pp. 1-9},
volume = {1},
pages = {1-9},
abstract = {Reliable and accurate measurement methods are necessary for the clinical assessment of wounds. Repeated measure of a wound indicates whether its healing is progressing or deteriorating, and if alternate treatment must be initiated. Many wound measurement techniques lack accuracy and reliability. Technology: We developed a software prototype that calculates 3-D wound measurements from 3-D scans. We conducted a study to compare the software prototype to physical and 2-D image measurement techniques commonly used by clinicians. We compared inter-rater reliability between the techniques and measurements (i.e., length, width, depth, perimeter, and surface area). Results: Inter-rater reliability was good or excellent for the physical, image, and software measurement techniques; however, there were significant differences in measurements between the techniques. For complex measurements (i.e., perimeter and surface area), the reliability of the software exceeded that of the physical and image techniques. Conclusion: Although inter-rater reliability was high for all measurement techniques, there was significant variability between the techniques. The software was overall most reliable, especially for calculation of complex measurements. Clinical Impact: Reducing the variability of wound measurements may improve patient outcomes, reduce wound prevalence, and mitigate the associated morbidity, mortality, and costs of these occurrences.},
keywords = {2022, 3-D scanning, Dahila Musa, Frank Guido-Sanz, image, m3dw, Mindi Anderson, physical, Realibility, Salam Daher, Software, Variability, Wound measurement},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@article{daher2022immersive,
title = {Editorial: Immersive Technologies in Healthcare},
author = {Salam Daher and Roghayeh Barmaki and Adrian Clark},
url = {https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sLjxQK5zrBWs4MbvGR-8y_8vXxGGv1qu/view?usp=share_link},
doi = {10.3389/frvir.2022.962950},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-06-30},
urldate = {2022-06-30},
journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
volume = {3},
pages = {2},
keywords = {Adrian Clark, healthcare simulation, immersive technologies, mixed reality, Roghayeh Barmaki, Salam Daher, serious games, virtual reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@conference{musa2022interactivity,
title = {Interactivity in Remote Healthcare Simulation},
author = {Dahlia Musa and Laura Gonzalez and Desiree Diaz and Heidi Penny and Salam Daher},
url = {https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wOXgRjV5HzA4Hen42mtSPoAjCucF_9yV/view},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-06-18},
urldate = {2022-06-18},
booktitle = {International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning (INACSL)},
pages = {49},
abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurse educators struggled to conduct manikin-based simulation due to limitations of safety and remote accessibility. Videos may have been used by educators as a substitute because they were cost-effective and could be conducted remotely. However, video lacks interactivity, which is a component of the standards of best practice for Interactive Video Simulation (IVS) software that enables educators to convert their multimedia content Interactive Video Simulation (IVS) software that enables educators to convert their multimedia content healthcare simulation. We developed an into an interactive simulation that can be delivered to students via a video conferencing application (Musa et al., 2021). This study utilized the IVS software to compare an interactive video (INT) simulation and non-interactive video (VID) simulation. Research questions were: (1) Does interactivity engage students in problem-solving more than non-interactivity? (2) Does interactivity increase the authenticity of decision-making more than non-interactivity? Students completed a questionnaire derived from the Self-Assessment Teamwork Tool for Students (SATTS) (Gordon et al., 2016) and Virtual Patient Evaluation (VPE) (Huwendiek et al., 2015) to assess teamwork and perceptions of authenticity, Evaluation (VPE) (Huwendiek et al., 2015) to assess teamwork and perceptions of authenticity, Evaluation (VPE) (Huwendiek et al., 2015) to assess teamwork and perceptions of authenticity, respectively. The mean INT score was greater than the mean VID score for two questionnaire items (p < 0.05). Students felt that in the INT simulation, teamwork was useful when problem-solving and the virtual simulation was authentic with regards to making decisions a nurse would make in real life. These results indicate that the interactive component encouraged collaboration to solve problems presented in the scenario and more accurately replicated the decision-making process of a nurse in a clinical setting.},
keywords = {authenticity, Dahila Musa, Desiree Diaz, Heidi Penny, Interactivity, Laura Gonzalez, remote learning, Salam Daher, simulation, teamwork, video},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@patent{system2022daher,
title = {System to Visualize, Measure and Track Skin Abnormalities (ViMeT)},
author = {Salam Daher and Frank Guido Sanz and Dahlia Musa and Mindi Anderson and Desiree Diaz and Steven Talbert},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-06-03},
urldate = {2022-06-03},
howpublished = {Provisional Patent filed},
keywords = {Dahila Musa, Desiree Diaz, Frank Guido-Sanz, m3dw, Mindi Anderson, Salam Daher, Steven Talbert},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {patent}
}
@conference{anderson2022optimizing,
title = {Optimizing Pressure Injury Measurement Study (OPIMS)},
author = {Mindi Anderson and Frank Guido-Sanz and Steven Talbert and Desiree Diaz and Dahlia Musa and Salam Daher},
url = {PDF available upon request},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-06-01},
urldate = {2022-06-01},
booktitle = { International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning (INACSL)},
journal = { International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning (INACSL)},
pages = {1},
keywords = {2022, Dahila Musa, Desiree Diaz, Frank Guido-Sanz, m3dw, Mindi Anderson, Salam Daher, Steven Talbert},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{musa2022interactive,
title = {Interactive Video Simulation for Healthcare Education: Technology Acceptance and Perceived Authenticity},
author = {Dahlia Musa and Laura Gonzalez and Heidi Penny and Salam Daher},
url = {https://drive.google.com/file/d/17gSZrkh1k3a2XbxCPmpbC-8wkrwzJthY/view?usp=share_link},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-06-01},
urldate = {2022-06-01},
booktitle = {22nd International Meeting on Simulation in Healthcare (IMSH) },
pages = {2},
keywords = {2022, Dahila Musa, Heidi Penny, Laura Gonzalez, rivs, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@article{mee2022alexa,
title = {Alexa, M.D.},
author = {Sarah Jane Mee and Salam Daher},
editor = {Joanna F. Defranca},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9714086undefined},
doi = {10.1109/MC.2021.3126528},
issn = {1558-0814},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-02-14},
urldate = {2022-02-14},
journal = {IEEE Internet of Things Magazine},
volume = {55},
issue = {2},
pages = {85-89},
abstract = {In the health-care field, intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) are commonly used as diagnostic guides for health-care professionals or support for patients. This article expands the use of IPAs in health care by demonstrating using Alexa to train health-care personnel.},
keywords = {sda},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@patent{welch2021physical,
title = {Physical-Virtual Patient System},
author = {Gregory Welch and Gerd Bruder and Salam Daher and Jason Hochreiter and Mindi Anderson and Laura Gonzalez and Desiree Diaz},
url = {https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2021/0248926.html},
year  = {2021},
date = {2021-08-12},
urldate = {2021-08-12},
number = {20210248926},
issue = {US Patent App. 16/786,342},
abstract = {A patient simulation system for healthcare training is provided. The system includes one or more interchangeable shells comprising a physical anatomical model of at least a portion of a patient's body, the shell adapted to be illuminated from within the shell to provide one or more dynamic images viewable on the outer surface of the shells; wherein the system comprises one or more imaging devices enclosed within the shell and adapted to render the one or more dynamic images on an inner surface of the shell and viewable on the outer surface of the shells; one or more interface devices located about the patient shells to receive input and provide output; and one or more computing units in communication with the image units and interface devices, the computing units adapted to provide an interactive simulation for healthcare training. In other embodiments, the shell is adapted to be illuminated from outside the shell.},
keywords = {pvp},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {patent}
}
@article{musa2021interactive,
title = {Interactive Video Simulation for Remote Healthcare Learning},
author = {Dahlia Musa and Laura Gonzalez and Heidi Penny and Salam Daher},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2021.713119/full},
doi = {10.3389/fsurg.2021.713119},
year  = {2021},
date = {2021-08-10},
urldate = {2021-08-10},
journal = {Frontiers in Surgery: Healthcare Simulation and Online Learning},
volume = {8},
pages = {16},
abstract = {Simulation is an essential component of healthcare education as it enables educators to replicate clinical scenarios in a controlled learning environment. Simulation has traditionally been conducted in-person through the use of manikins, however, the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the practice of manikin simulation. Social distance constraints were enforced during the pandemic to reduce the potential spread of the virus and as a result, many educators and students were denied physical access to their universities' simulation facilities. Healthcare educators sought remote alternatives to manikin simulation and many resorted to instructional videos to educate their learners. While the use of videos increases safety, passively watching videos lacks interactivity which is an important component of simulation learning. In response to these challenges, we developed an interactive video simulation software that uses educators' existing video content to conduct a simulation remotely, thereby promoting safety during the pandemic while also meeting the interactivity standards of best practice for healthcare simulation. In this paper, we compare the interactive video simulation to the current practice of watching non-interactive video of a simulation using the same content. We found that interactivity promotes higher order learning, increases teamwork and enhances the perception of authenticity. Additionally, the majority of participants demonstrated positive reception of the interactive simulation. The simulation software provides the safety desired of a remote simulation during the pandemic while also engaging students in interactive learning experiences.},
keywords = {authenticity, Dahila Musa, engagement, healthcare simulation, Heidi Penny, Interactivity, Laura Gonzalez, nursing, remote learning, rivs, Salam Daher, teamwork, video},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@conference{gonzalez2021interactive,
title = {Interactive Video Simulation: A Remote Solution},
author = {Laura Gonzalez and Salam Daher and Dahlia Musa and Heidi Penny},
url = {https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kcS6uN4_x8XxGRsj5R8ffgTvAUByd_xM/view?usp=share_link},
year  = {2021},
date = {2021-06-01},
urldate = {2021-06-01},
booktitle = {International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning (INACSL)},
keywords = {2021, Dahila Musa, Heidi Penny, Laura Gonzalez, rivs, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{melchor2020tracking1,
title = {Tracking Eye Gaze of Trainees in Virtual Patient Simulations},
author = {Alberto Melchor Maldonado and Salam Daher},
url = {https://drive.google.com/file/d/13v1dc9uCqxCpLpdEI34p-2zUshqO1ucL/view?usp=sharing},
year  = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
urldate = {2020-10-01},
booktitle = {Great Minds in STEM},
abstract = {It is important to detect where exactly medical trainees are looking. There are various regions a trainee may focus on, therefore eye-tracking on trainees may improve training. I created a unity package to record eye movement during simulations.},
keywords = {2020, Alberto Melchor Maldonado, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{sanchez2020automating,
title = {Automating Virtual Patients Responses for Medical Simulation},
author = {Vivian Sanchez and Salam Daher},
url = {https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wE61kpo1ljqZksb6jb4r4xfILhb7J0AA/view?usp=sharing},
year  = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
urldate = {2020-10-01},
booktitle = {Great Minds in STEM},
abstract = {Voice assistants are not being used enough in healthcare. Health students train on simulators that requires members of faculty to control patient responses. This takes up resources and limits the students to certain training times. We created an Alexa skill for a stroke patient scenario, connected it to a 3D character, and explored the capabilities and limitations of the Amazon Alexa. Healthcare students can then interact with the Alexa patient without the faculty feeding the answers to the patient. By supplementing existing simulations with an automated way to respond while still providing controlled answers can allow more doctors and nurses to practice without waiting for an available instructor.},
keywords = {2020, Salam Daher, sda, Vivian Sanchez},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{melchor2020tracking2,
title = {Tracking Eye Gaze in Unity3D for Training.},
author = {Alberto Melchor Maldonado and Salam Daher},
year  = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
urldate = {2020-10-01},
booktitle = {Great Minds in STEM},
pages = {5},
keywords = {2020, Alberto Melchor Maldonado, Eye gaze, Eye-tracking, Salam Daher, training, Unity3D},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{daher2020workshop,
title = {Workshop on Collaborations with Domain Experts for Virtual Agent Research (CoVAR)},
author = {Salam Daher and Laura Gonzalez and Gregory Welch and Jacob Stuart},
year  = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
urldate = {2020-10-01},
booktitle = {ACM Intelligent Virtual Agent},
address = {Glasgow, UK (Virtual)},
keywords = {Gregory F Welch, Jacob Stuart, Laura Gonzalez, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{daher2020collaborations,
title = {Collaborations with Nursing Experts for Virtual Agent Research},
author = {Salam Daher and Laura Gonzalez},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
booktitle = {ACM Intelligent Virtual Agent},
address = {Glasgow, UK Virtual},
keywords = {2020, Laura Gonzalez, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@article{gonzalez2020neurological,
title = {Neurological Assessment Using a Physical-Virtual Patient (PVP).},
author = {Laura Gonzalez and Salam Daher and Gregory Welch},
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1046878120947462},
doi = {10.1177/1046878120947462},
year  = {2020},
date = {2020-08-12},
urldate = {2020-08-12},
booktitle = {Simulation and Gaming},
volume = {51},
issue = {6},
pages = {802-818},
abstract = {Background. Simulation has revolutionized teaching and learning. However, traditional manikins are limited in their ability to exhibit emotions, movements, and interactive eye gaze. As a result, students struggle with immersion and may be unable to authentically relate to the patient. Intervention. We developed a new type of patient simulator called the Physical-Virtual Patients (PVP) which combines the physicality of manikins with the richness of dynamic visuals. The PVP uses spatial Augmented Reality to rear project dynamic imagery (e.g., facial expressions, ptosis, pupil reactions) on a semi-transparent physical shell. The shell occupies space and matches the dimensions of a human head. Methods. We compared two groups of third semester nursing students (N=59) from a baccalaureate program using a between-participant design, one group interacting with a traditional high-fidelity manikin versus a more realistic PVP head. The learners had to perform a neurological assessment. We measured authenticity, urgency, and learning. Results. Learners had a more realistic encounter with the PVP patient (p=0.046), they were more engaged with the PVP condition compared to the manikin in terms of authenticity of encounter and cognitive strategies. The PVP provoked a higher sense of urgency (p=0.002). There was increased learning for the PVP group compared to the manikin group on the pre and post-simulation scores (p=0.027). Conclusion. The realism of the visuals in the PVP increases authenticity and engagement which results in a greater sense of urgency and overall learning.},
keywords = {Authentic learning, dynamic visual, engagement, gaming, knowledge retention, pvp, simulation, virtual reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@article{daher2020physical,
title = {Physical-Virtual Patient: A new patient simulator},
author = {Salam Daher and Jason Hochreiter and Ryan Schubert and Laura Gonzalez and Juan Cendan and Mindi Anderson and Desiree Diaz and Gregory Welch },
url = {https://journals.lww.com/simulationinhealthcare/fulltext/2020/04000/the_physical_virtual_patient_simulator__a_physical.9.aspx},
doi = {10.1097/SIH.0000000000000409},
year  = {2020},
date = {2020-04-01},
urldate = {2020-04-01},
journal = {Society of Simulation in Healthcare Journal},
volume = {15},
issue = {2},
pages = {115-121},
abstract = {Introduction: We introduce a new type of patient simulator referred to as the Physical-Virtual Patient Simulator (PVPS). The PVPS combines the tangible characteristics of a human-shaped physical form with the flexibility and richness of a virtual patient. The PVPS can exhibit a range of multisensory cues, including visual cues (eg, capillary refill, facial expressions, appearance changes), auditory cues (eg, verbal responses, heart sounds), and tactile cues (eg, localized temperature, pulse). 

Methods: We describe the implementation of the technology, technical testing with healthcare experts, and an institutional review board–approved pilot experiment involving 22 nurse practitioner students interacting with a simulated child in 2 scenarios: sepsis and child abuse. The nurse practitioners were asked qualitative questions about ease of use and the cues they noticed. 

Results: Participants found it easy to interact with the PVPS and had mixed but encouraging responses regarding realism. In the sepsis scenario, participants reported the following cues leading to their diagnoses: temperature, voice, mottled skin, attitude and facial expressions, breathing and cough, vitals and oxygen saturation, and appearance of the mouth and tongue. For the child abuse scenario, they reported the skin appearance on the arms and abdomen, perceived attitude, facial expressions, and inconsistent stories. 

Conclusions: We are encouraged by the initial results and user feedback regarding the perceived realism of visual (eg, mottling), audio (eg, breathing sounds), and tactile (eg, temperature) cues displayed by the PVPS, and ease of interaction with the simulator.(Sim Healthcare 15:115–121, 2020)},
keywords = {2020, Desiree Diaz, development, evaluation, Gregory F Welch, Jason Hochreiter, Juan Cendan, Laura Gonzalez, Mindi Anderson, pediatric patient simulation, physical-virtual patient simulator, pilot study, pvp, Ryan Schubert, Salam Daher, sepsis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@conference{richards2019analysis,
title = {Analysis of Peripheral Vision and Vibrotactile Feedback During Proximal Search Tasks with Dynamic Virtual Entities in Augmented Reality},
author = {Kendra Richards and Nikhil Mahalanobis and Kangsoo Kim and Ryan Schubert and Myungho Lee and Salam Daher and Nahal Norouzi and Jason Hochreiter and Gerd Bruder and Gregory Welch},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3357251.3357585},
doi = {10.1145/3357251.3357585},
isbn = {978-1-4503-6975-6/19/10},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-10-19},
urldate = {2019-10-19},
booktitle = {ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction (SUI)},
number = {3},
pages = {1-9},
abstract = {A primary goal of augmented reality (AR) is to seamlessly embed virtual content into a real environment. There are many factors that can affect the perceived physicality and co-presence of virtual entities, including the hardware capabilities, the fidelity of the virtual behaviors, and sensory feedback associated with the interactions. In this paper, we present a study investigating participants’ perceptions and behaviors during a time-limited search task in close proximity with virtual entities in AR. In particular, we analyze the effects of (i) visual conflicts in the periphery of an optical see-through head-mounted display, a Microsoft HoloLens, (ii) overall lighting in the physical environment, and (iii) multimodal feedback based on vibrotactile transducers mounted on a physical platform. Our results show significant benefits of vibrotactile feedback and reduced peripheral lighting for spatial and social presence, and engagement. We discuss implications of these effects for AR applications.},
keywords = {2019, Augmented Reality, Field of View, Gerd Bruder, Gregory F Welch, Jason Hochreiter, Kangsoo Kin, Kendra Richards, Multimodal Feedback, Myungho Lee, Nahal Norouzi, Nikhil Mahalanobis, Ryan Schubert, Salam Daher, Search Task},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{aebersold2019virtual,
title = {Virtual/augmented reality for health professions education symposium},
author = {Michelle Aebersold and Salam Daher and Cynthia Foronda and Jone Tiffany and Margaret Verkuyl},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-06-01},
booktitle = {INACSL},
address = {Phoenix, AZ},
keywords = {2019, Cynthia Foronda, Jone Tiffany, Margaret Verkuyl, Michelle Aebersold, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{gonzalez2019vera,
title = {Vera Real: Stroke assessment using a Physical Virtual Patient (PVP)},
author = {Laura Gonzalez and Salam Daher and Gregory Welch},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-06-01},
booktitle = {INACSL},
address = {Phoenix, AZ},
keywords = {2019, Gregory F Welch, Laura Gonzalez, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@misc{daher2019collegiate,
title = {Collegiate Fireside Chat},
author = {Salam Daher},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-05-01},
journal = {National Center for Women in Information Technology 2019},
address = {Orlando, FL},
keywords = {2019, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
@conference{daher2019matching,
title = {Matching vs. Non-Matching Visuals and Shape for Embodied Virtual Healthcare Agents},
author = {Salam Daher and Jason Hochreiter and Ryan Schubert and Gerd Bruder and Laura Gonzalez and Juan Cendan and Mindi Anderson and Desiree Diaz and Gregory Welch},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8797814},
doi = {10.1109/VR.2019.8797814},
isbn = { 978-1-7281-1377-7},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-03-23},
urldate = {2019-03-23},
booktitle = {IEEE Virtual Reality},
pages = {886-887},
address = {Osaka, Japan},
abstract = {Embodied virtual agents serving as patient simulators are widely used in medical training scenarios, ranging from physical patients to virtual patients presented via virtual and augmented reality technologies. Physical-virtual patients are a hybrid solution that combines the benefits of dynamic visuals integrated into a human-shaped physical form that can also present other cues, such as pulse, breathing sounds, and temperature. Sometimes in simulation the visuals and shape do not match. We carried out a human-participant study employing graduate nursing students in pediatric patient simulations comprising conditions associated with matching/non-matching of the visuals and shape.},
keywords = {2019, Desiree Diaz, Gerd Bruder, Gregory F Welch, Jason Hochreiter, Juan Cendan, Laura Gonzalez, Mindi Anderson, pvp, Ryan Schubert, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{daher2019matching2,
title = {Matching vs. Non-Matching Visuals and Shape for Embodied Virtual Healthcare Agents},
author = {Salam Daher},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-03-01},
booktitle = {IEEE Virtual Reality},
address = {Osaka, Japan},
keywords = {2019, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@misc{daher2019patient,
title = {Patient Simulators: the Past, Present, and Future},
author = {Salam Daher},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Otronicon 2019 at the Orlando Science Center},
address = {Orlando, FL},
keywords = {2019, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
@conference{norouzi2018systematic,
title = {A Systematic Survey of 15 Years of User Studies Published in the Intelligent Virtual Agents Conference},
author = {Nahal Norouzi and Kangsoo Kim and Jason Hochreiter and Myungho Lee and Salam Daher and Gerd Bruder and Gregory Welch},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3267851.3267901},
doi = {10.1145/3267851.3267901},
year  = {2018},
date = {2018-11-05},
urldate = {2018-11-05},
booktitle = {ACM Intelligent Virtual Agents},
pages = {17–22},
abstract = {The field of intelligent virtual agents (IVAs) has evolved immensely over the past 15 years, introducing new application opportunities in areas such as training, health care, and virtual assistants. In this survey paper, we provide a systematic review of the most influential user studies published in the IVA conference from 2001 to 2015 focusing on IVA development, human perception, and interactions. A total of 247 papers with 276 user studies have been classified and reviewed based on their contributions and impact. We identify the different areas of research and provide a summary of the papers with the highest impact. With the trends of past user studies and the current state of technology, we provide insights into future trends and research challenges.},
keywords = {Applications, Behavior, Gerd Bruder, Gregory F Welch, Identities, Intelligent Virtual Agent, Jason Hochreiter, Kangsoo Kin, Myungho Lee, Nahal Norouzi, Physical Appearance, Salam Daher, Systematic Survey, User Studies},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{daher2018physical,
title = {Touch-Aware Intelligent Physical-Virtual Agents for Healthcare Simulation},
author = {Salam Daher and Laura Gonzalez and Jason Hochreiter and Nahal Norouzi and Gerd Bruder and Gregory Welch},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3267851.3267876},
doi = {10.1145/3267851.3267876},
year  = {2018},
date = {2018-11-05},
urldate = {2018-11-05},
booktitle = {ACM Intelligent Virtual Agents},
pages = {99-106},
address = {Sydney, Australia},
abstract = {Conventional Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) focus primarily on the visual and auditory channels for both the agent and the interacting human: the agent displays a visual appearance and speech as output, while processing the human's verbal and non-verbal behavior as input. However, some interactions, particularly those between a patient and healthcare provider, inherently include tactile components. We introduce an Intelligent Physical-Virtual Agent (IPVA) head that occupies an appropriate physical volume; can be touched; and via human-in-the-loop control can change appearance, listen, speak, and react physiologically in response to human behavior. Compared to a traditional IVA, it provides a physical affordance, allowing for more realistic and compelling human-agent interactions. In a user study focusing on the neurological assessment of a simulated patient showing stroke symptoms, we compared the IPVA head with a high-fidelity touch-aware mannequin that has a static appearance. Various measures of the human subjects indicated greater attention, affinity for, and presence with the IPVA patient, all factors that can improve healthcare training.},
keywords = {2018, Gerd Bruder, Gregory F Welch, Jason Hochreiter, Laura Gonzalez, Nahal Norouzi, neurological assessment, patient simulator, physical-virtual agents, pvp, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{daher2018physical2,
title = {Physical-Virtual Agents for Healthcare Simulation},
author = {Salam Daher},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2018},
date = {2018-11-01},
booktitle = {ACM Intelligent Virtual Agent},
address = {Sydney, Australia},
keywords = {2018, physical-virtual agents, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{daher2018systematic,
title = {A Systematic Survey of 15 Years of User Studies Published in the Intelligent Virtual Agents Conference},
author = {Salam Daher},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2018},
date = {2018-11-01},
booktitle = {ACM Intelligent Virtual Agent},
address = {Sydney, Australia},
keywords = {2018, Intelligent Virtual Agent, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{hochreiter2018cognitive,
title = {Cognitive and Touch Performance Effects of Mismatched 3D Physical and Visual Perceptions},
author = {Jason Hochreiter and Salam Daher and Gerd Bruder and Gregory Welch},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8446574},
doi = {10.1109/VR.2018.8446574},
isbn = {978-1-5386-3365-6},
year  = {2018},
date = {2018-03-18},
urldate = {2018-03-18},
booktitle = {IEEE Virtual Reality},
pages = {1-386},
address = {Germany},
abstract = {While research in the field of augmented reality (AR) has produced many innovative human-computer interaction techniques, some may produce physical and visual perceptions with unforeseen negative impacts on user performance. In a controlled human-subject study we investigated the effects of mismatched physical and visual perception on cognitive load and performance in an AR touching task by varying the physical fidelity (matching vs. non-matching physical shape) and visual mechanism (projector-based vs. HMD-based AR) of the representation. Participants touched visual targets on four corresponding physical-visual representations of a human head. We evaluated their performance in terms of touch accuracy, response time, and a cognitive load task requiring target size estimations during a concurrent (secondary) counting task. After each condition, participants completed questionnaires concerning mental, physical, and temporal demands; stress; frustration; and usability. Results indicated higher performance, lower cognitive load, and increased usability when participants touched a matching physical head-shaped surface and when visuals were provided by a projector from underneath.},
keywords = {2018, Gerd Bruder, Gregory F Welch, Jason Hochreiter, pvp, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@misc{daher2017physical,
title = {Physical-Virtual Patient Head},
author = {Salam Daher and Laura Gonzalez and Gregory Welch},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2017},
date = {2017-09-01},
urldate = {2017-09-01},
journal = {Florida Nurses Association},
keywords = {2017, Gregory F Welch, Laura Gonzalez, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
@conference{daher2017effects,
title = {Effects of Social Priming on Social Presence with Intelligent Virtual Agents},
author = {Salam Daher and Kangsoo Kim and Myungho Lee and Ryan Schubert and Gerd Bruder and Jeremy Bailenson and Gregory Welch},
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-67401-8_10},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-67401-8_10},
year  = {2017},
date = {2017-04-01},
urldate = {2017-04-01},
booktitle = {ACM Intelligent Virtual Agents},
pages = {87-100},
address = {Stockholm, Sweden},
abstract = {This paper explores whether witnessing an Intelligent Virtual Agent (IVA) in what appears to be a socially engaging discussion with a Confederate Virtual Agent (CVA) prior to a direct interaction, can prime a person to feel and behave more socially engaged with the IVA in a subsequent interaction. To explore this social priming phenomenon, we conducted an experiment in which participants in a control group had no priming while those in an experimental group were briefly exposed to an engaging social interaction between an IVA and a nearby CVA (i.e. a virtual actor). The participants primed by exposure to the brief CVA-IVA interaction reported being significantly more excited and alert, perceiving the IVA as more responsive, and showed significantly higher measures of Co-Presence, Attentional Allocation, and Message Understanding dimensions of social presence for the IVA, compared to those who were not primed.},
keywords = {Co-presence, Intelligent Virtual Agent, Social presence, Social Priming, Virtual Human},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{daher2017optical3,
title = {Optical see-through vs. spatial augmented reality simulators for medical applications},
author = {Salam Daher},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2017},
date = {2017-03-01},
booktitle = {IEEE VR 2017},
address = {Los Angeles, CA},
keywords = {2017, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{daher2017optical2,
title = {Optical See-Through vs. Spatial Augmented Reality Simulators for Medical Applications},
author = {Salam Daher},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2017},
date = {2017-03-01},
urldate = {2017-03-01},
booktitle = {IEEE Virtual Reality},
address = {Los Angeles, CA},
keywords = {2017, pvp, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@misc{daher2017optical1,
title = {Optical See-Through vs. Spatial Augmented Reality Simulators for Medical Applications},
author = {Salam Daher},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2017},
date = {2017-03-01},
urldate = {2017-03-01},
howpublished = {IEEE Virtual Reality},
keywords = {2017, pvp, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
@conference{daher2017can,
title = {Can Social Presence be Contagious? Effects of Social Presence Priming on Interaction with Virtual Humans.},
author = {Salam Daher and Kangsoo Kim and Myungho Lee and Gerd Bruder and Ryan Schubert and Jeremy Bailenson and Gregory Welch},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2017},
date = {2017-03-01},
urldate = {2017-03-01},
booktitle = {IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces},
address = {Los Angeles – CA},
keywords = {2017, Gerd Bruder, Gregory F Welch, Jeremy Bailenson, Kangsoo Kin, Myungho Lee, Ryan Schubert, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@article{schubert2016husis,
title = {HuSIS: A Dedicated Space for Studying Human Interactions},
author = {Ryan Schubert and Gregory Welch and Salam Daher and Andrew Raij},
year  = {2016},
date = {2016-11-01},
urldate = {2016-11-01},
journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications},
keywords = {2016, Andrew Raij, Gregory F Welch, Ryan Schubert, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@article{hochreiter2016optical,
title = {Optical Touch Sensing on Non-Parametric Rear-Projection Surfaces for Interactive Physical-Virtual Experiences},
author = {Jason Hochreiter and Salam Daher and Arjun Nagendran and Laura Gonzalez and Gregory Welch},
year  = {2016},
date = {2016-07-01},
urldate = {2016-07-01},
journal = {Presence Journal},
keywords = {2016, Arjun Nagendran, Gregory F Welch, Jason Hochreiter, Laura Gonzalez, pvp, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@conference{gonzalez2016bsn,
title = {BSN Assessment of Discrete Neurology Symptoms Using an Interactive Physical Virtual Head},
author = {Laura Gonzalez and Gregory Welch and Salam Daher},
year  = {2016},
date = {2016-06-01},
urldate = {2016-06-01},
booktitle = {INACSL},
address = {Grapevine, TX},
keywords = {2016, Gregory F Welch, Laura Gonzalez, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{welch2016physical,
title = {Physical-Virtual Patient Simulators},
author = {Gregory Welch and Salam Daher and Jason Hochreiter and Laura Gonzalez},
year  = {2016},
date = {2016-04-01},
urldate = {2016-04-01},
booktitle = {NextMed /Medicine Meets Virtual Reality},
address = {Los Angeles, CA},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{daher2016humanikins,
title = {Humanikins: Humanity Transfer to Physical Manikins},
author = {Salam Daher and Gregory Welch},
url = {PDF available upon request.},
year  = {2016},
date = {2016-04-01},
urldate = {2016-04-01},
booktitle = {NextMed /Medicine Meets Virtual Reality},
address = {Los Angeles, CA},
keywords = {2016, Gregory F Welch, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{lee2016wobbly,
title = {The Wobbly Table: The Effects of Mediated Touch on Real-Virtual Human Interaction},
author = {Myungho Lee and Kangsoo Kim and Salam Daher and Andrew Raij and Jeremy Bailenson and Gregory Welch},
year  = {2016},
date = {2016-03-01},
urldate = {2016-03-01},
booktitle = {IEEE VR 2016},
address = {Greenville, SC},
keywords = {2016, Andrew Raij, Gregory F Welch, Jeremy Bailenson, Kangsoo Kin, Myungho Lee, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{daher2016exploring,
title = {Exploring Social Presence Transfer in Real-Virtual Human Interaction},
author = {Salam Daher and Kangsoo Kim and Myungho Lee and Andrew Raij and Ryan Schubert and Jeremy Bailenson and Gregory Welch},
year  = {2016},
date = {2016-03-01},
urldate = {2016-03-01},
booktitle = {IEEE Virtual Reality},
address = {Greenville, SC},
keywords = {2016, Andrew Raij, Gregory F Welch, Jeremy Bailenson, Kangsoo Kin, Myungho Lee, Ryan Schubert, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{daher2016preliminary,
title = {Preliminary Assessment of Neurologic Symptomatology Using an Interactive Physical-Virtual Head with Touch.},
author = {Salam Daher and Laura Gonzalez and Gregory Welch},
year  = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {International Meeting for Simulation in Healthcare},
address = {San Diego, CA},
keywords = {2016, Gregory F Welch, Laura Gonzalez, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
@conference{hochreiter2015touch,
title = {Touch sensing on non-parametric rear-projection surfaces: A physical-virtual head for hands-on healthcare training.},
author = {Jason Hochreiter and Salam Daher and Arjun Nagendran and Laura Gonzalez and Gregory Welch},
year  = {2015},
date = {2015-03-01},
urldate = {2015-03-01},
booktitle = {IEEE Virtual Reality 2015},
address = {Arles, France},
keywords = {2015, Arjun Nagendran, Gregory F Welch, Jason Hochreiter, Laura Gonzalez, Salam Daher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}